Halogen

Expert research on technology, power, and industry.

Halogen merges AI-driven research with expert industry guidance. Read our latest coverage.

TechnologyGeopoliticsEnergy

Research at the intersection of systems, strategy, and industrial change.

Technology

Tracks the systems, materials, and technical shifts that reshape industries and strategic advantage.

Geopolitics

Examines power, state strategy, and the international pressures that define markets and security.

Energy

Explores energy transitions, industrial bottlenecks, and the infrastructure behind long-term resilience.

China's ambition beyond manufacturing and infrastructure dominance

A strategic analysis of how China is trying to move from scale-based dominance in factories and construction toward control over standards, advanced technology, capital formation, and geopolitical leverage—and the constraints now testing that ambition.

Industrial upgradingStandards powerStrategic technologyGlobal influence

Critical minerals: processing, not mining, is the chokepoint

An analysis of why leverage over critical minerals sits in refining, separation, and magnet-making rather than in the ground, how China has turned that position into a licensing regime, and whether price floors, stockpiles, and allied blocs can rebuild the missing middle of the chain.

Processing chokepointsExport controlsPrice floors and stockpilesAllied supply chains