Halogen

Expert research on technology, power, and industry.

Halogen merges AI-driven research with expert industry guidance. Read our latest coverage.

TechnologyGeopoliticsEnergy

Research at the intersection of systems, strategy, and industrial change.

Technology

Tracks the systems, materials, and technical shifts that reshape industries and strategic advantage.

Geopolitics

Examines power, state strategy, and the international pressures that define markets and security.

Energy

Explores energy transitions, industrial bottlenecks, and the infrastructure behind long-term resilience.

The making and unmaking of nuclear energy

A long-view study of how nuclear power rose through state ambition, weakened under financial and political strain, and returned as a strategic option in the age of decarbonization, energy security, and AI-driven electricity demand.

Industrial policyGrid resilienceFuel-cycle geopoliticsCapital intensity

Superconductors: materials, technology, and impact on our world

An expert primer on superconducting materials, the engineering stack required to use them, and the sectors—from medical imaging to fusion magnets—where they are already reshaping what is physically possible.

Materials scienceCryogenic engineeringFusion and quantumManufacturing scale

China's ambition beyond manufacturing and infrastructure dominance

A strategic analysis of how China is trying to move from scale-based dominance in factories and construction toward control over standards, advanced technology, capital formation, and geopolitical leverage—and the constraints now testing that ambition.

Industrial upgradingStandards powerStrategic technologyGlobal influence

Power for compute: the grid as AI's binding constraint

A study of why artificial-intelligence computing is limited less by chips or aggregate energy than by the speed at which interconnection rules, grid equipment, firm generation, and tariffs can deliver power to specific sites, and of who is bypassing or coordinating those layers.

Grid interconnectionFirm power supplyEquipment bottlenecksLarge-load regulation

Critical minerals: processing, not mining, is the chokepoint

An analysis of why leverage over critical minerals sits in refining, separation, and magnet-making rather than in the ground, how China has turned that position into a licensing regime, and whether price floors, stockpiles, and allied blocs can rebuild the missing middle of the chain.

Processing chokepointsExport controlsPrice floors and stockpilesAllied supply chains

Advanced semiconductors: why the stack, not the node, sets the pace of AI

An analysis of why frontier AI compute is limited by the weakest layer of a stack spanning lithography, leading-edge logic, high-bandwidth memory, and advanced packaging, and why export controls aimed at one layer are routed around through the others.

Advanced packagingHigh-bandwidth memoryLithography and equipmentExport controls

Southeast Asia's data-centre corridor: Johor, Singapore, and the cost of overflow

A study of how Singapore's rationing of data-centre capacity pushed compute into Johor, how power, water, and export-control compliance now constrain the corridor, and whether Malaysia can host the build-out on its own terms rather than as overflow for others.

Overflow economicsGrid and water limitsExport-control complianceMiddle-power strategy

Fusion's industrial path after the physics

An analysis of why fusion's route to commercial power now runs through superconducting tape, tritium fuel, breeding blankets, licensing, and grid connection rather than through plasma physics alone, and which programmes are positioned to clear those gates first.

Superconducting magnetsTritium supplyFusion licensingState versus private